Musick Peeler’s Business Litigation Group represents clients in a wide variety of business and corporate litigation matters.
On March 30, 2023, the California Court of Appeal issued a new published decision, affirming orders granting summary adjudication and summary judgment in favor of an insurer on the “no voluntary payments” issue.
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Last month, we reported on the California Supreme Court’s decision in Yahoo, Inc. v. National Union Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, PA involving coverage for claims under the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (“TCPA”). The Court concluded: “A CGL insurance policy that provides coverage for “personal injury,” defined, in part, as “injury . . . arising out of . . . [o]ral or written publication, in any manner, of material that violates a person’s right of privacy,” can cover liability for violations of the right of seclusion if such coverage is consistent with the insured’s objectively reasonable expectations.
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The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held in an unpublished decision in Chevron Env’t. Mgmt. Co. v. Env’t. Prot. Corp. (Chevron Env’t. Mgmt. Co.), No. 20-16206, 2022 WL 10966098 (9th Cir. Oct. 19, 2022) that an insurer’s attempt to intervene in an underlying action against its insured was untimely as the insurer received notice of its insured’s suspended status five months before plaintiff obtained an $18 million default judgment against the insured.
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On November 17, 2022, the California Supreme Court issued its Opinion in Yahoo, Inc. v. National Union Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, PA. This landmark decision affecting CGL insurers holds that class action complaints alleging violations of the federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (TCPA), 42 U.S.C. § 227, are covered under a CGL policy’s “personal and advertising injury” coverage applicable to injury arising from the offense of “[o]ral or written publication, in any manner, of material that violates a person’s right of privacy.”
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A recent California appellate court decision held that a broad “catch-all” provision in an exclusionary endorsement to an insurance policy applied to bar coverage for all claims asserted in an underlying lawsuit, even though the lawsuit was a “mixed” action containing some otherwise covered claims.
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In Ghukasian v. Aegis Security Insurance Company, 2022 WL 1421511 (Cal. App. 2 Dist. 2022), the California Court of Appeal recently confirmed that, under established California law, an intentional action by an insured is not an “accident” even if the insured believed it had the legal right to take that action.
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In Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London v. ConAgra Grocery Prod. Co., 2022 WL 1164981 (Cal. Ct. App. Apr. 19, 2022), the California Court of Appeal rejected an insured’s attempt to foist onto its insurers a $102 million lead abatement settlement that followed from an underlying class action judgment.
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On March 8, 2021, a California appellate court reversed a $9.935 million bad faith verdict against an insurer by drawing a distinction between rejection of a reasonable settlement offer within policy limits and unreasonable rejection of such a settlement offer. In Alexander Pinto v. Farmers Insurance Exchange, 2021 WL 857776 (March 8, 2021), a three judge panel unanimously reversed a jury verdict in favor of the plaintiff and remanded the case to the trial court instructing that a judgment ...
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In Murray v. UPS Capital Ins. Agency (Sept. 11, 2020) 2020 WL 5508039, the Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed and remanded the granting of a summary judgment motion in favor of insurance broker UPS Capital Insurance Agency, a wholly owned subsidiary of United Parcel Service (UPS). The reviewing court found the insured, David Murray, presented sufficient evidence in opposition to the motion to raise a triable issue of fact concerning the nature of the duty owed by UPS ...
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This week, the Ninth Circuit of the United States Court of Appeals addressed an issue of first impression in the circuit: under what circumstance may an excess insurer argue improper erosion of underlying policy limits to limit the amount of its obligation? The Ninth Circuit rejected an excess insurer’s attempt to exclude settlement amounts paid by underlying insurers for allegedly uncovered claims in calculating exhaustion of underlying limits, absent the excess insurers’ showing of fraud or bad faith by ...
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In Ghazarian, et al. v. Magellan Health, Inc., et al., __ Cal.Rptr.3d __, 2020 WL 4558915 (as modified on denial of rehearing, August 31, 2020), the Fourth District Court of Appeal of California recognized that, “Generally, an insurer is not liable for bad faith if its denial of a claim was reasonable.” However, the Court stated, “In this appeal, we clarify that to avoid bad faith liability, it is not enough than an insurer’s ultimate ...
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In Storm v. Standard Fire Ins. Co., No. B299277 (Cal. Ct. App. July 24, 2020) (“Storm”), the California Court of Appeal held that policy language providing that each party will pay its expenses in arbitration and bear expenses of the arbitrator equally did not preclude recovery of those costs by a party under California Code of Civil Procedure Section 998 (“Section 998”). Pursuant to Section 998, if (a) a party rejects an offer for settlement prior to trial ...
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Following the California Supreme Court’s decision applying vertical exhaustion in Montrose Chemical Corp. of California v. Superior Court (2020) 9 Cal.5th 215 (“Montrose III”), on July 13, 2020, the California Court of Appeal issued its decision in SantaFe Braun, Inc. v. Insurance Company of North America, 2020 WL 3957290, Case No. A151428 (Ct. App. 1st Dist., Div. 4, July 13, 2020) (“Braun v. INA”), holding that all primary policies covering all time periods do not have to be ...
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On April 6, 2020, the California Supreme Court issued its long-awaited decision in Montrose Chemical Corporation Of California V. Superior Court, Case No. S244737, 2020 WL 1671560 (Cal. Apr. 6, 2020). The issue before the Court was whether an insured may seek coverage from its excess policies under a rule of vertical exhaustion rather than horizontal exhaustion in a continuous trigger or “long-tail” case (i.e., cases involving bodily injury or property damage that takes place over multiple ...
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On October 22, 2019, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals entered an opinion in Monster Energy Co. v. City Beverages, LLC, No. 17-55813, 2019 WL 5382062 (9th Cir. Oct. 22, 2019) vacating an arbitration award issued by a JAMS arbitrator for failure to disclose that: (1) the arbitrator was a co-owner of JAMS; and (2) the winning party had several prior cases with JAMS. The Ninth Circuit determined that the failure to disclose these points justified vacatur of the ...
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This case was previously highlighted as being before the California Supreme Court on two questions of state insurance law certified by the Ninth Circuit: (1) is the notice-prejudice rule a fundamental public policy for purposes of choice of law analysis; and (2) if so, does the rule apply to the consent provision of the insurance policy at issue in this case. In the Pitzer College case, the insured identified environmental contamination and undertook remediation efforts before giving notice of the ...
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In Cohen v. Berkley National Ins. Co., __ Fed.Appx.3d __ (2019), 2019 WL 3235076 (9th Cir. July 18, 2019) (unpublished), the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that findings of fraud, oppression and malice by a jury rendered both the compensatory and punitive damages components of the Judgment excluded from coverage. The Ninth Circuit concluded that there was no coverage for the compensatory damages portion of the Judgment because, “the jury and district court did not ...
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Partners Adam Johnson, Cheryl Orr and Shireen Rogers obtained a big win for client Centex Homes in the appeal of a “duty to defend” case based on a contractual indemnity provision in a construction agreement. The case, Centex Homes v. R. Help Construction Co., Inc., 2019 Daily Journal D.A.R 1949 (March 11, 2019) has potentially significant implications for the construction industry. Centex was sued by Plaintiff Wagener, who claimed he was injured when he stepped ...
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Licudine v. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 2018 DJDAR 70 (Ct. App. Jan. 3, 2019)
The Court of Appeal on January 3, 2019 provided us with guidance on when an unaccepted statutory offer made under California Code of Civil Procedure Section 998 will create exposure to the offeree to penalties for its rejection. While this case involves only California’s statutory scheme for offers to compromise, it may have important ramifications in addressing policy limit demands, as both involve issues of “good faith.”
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On November 30, 2018, the California Court of Appeal decided Travelers Prop. Cas. Co. of America v. Engel Insulation, Inc., 2018 WL 6259032. The Court affirmed the granting of the defendant’s motion for judgment on the pleadings without leave to amend. The Court found that Travelers was barred from pursuing its claim for subrogation under Revenue and Taxation Code Section 23301 because its insureds were suspended corporations under California law.
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California Code of Civil Procedure Section 998 allows a party to serve a pre-trial settlement offer and provides certain penalties if the offer is not accepted and the offering party obtains a better result at trial. Less commonly known is California Probate Code Sections 550 through 555 that authorize actions “to establish [a] decedent’s liability for which the decedent was protected by insurance” and limits the liability of the decedent’s insurer liability to covered damages within policy limits. Such suits are brought nominally against the estate of a decedent, but served upon and defended by the decedent’s insurer.
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On August 14, 2018, the district court for the Northern District of California granted summary judgment for three insurance companies in a declaratory relief action and denied the insured’s cross-motion. The insured was a manufacturer of coconut oil products which had been sued in a putative class action that alleged the insured falsely and deceptively advertised its products as healthy when, in fact, the products caused detrimental health effects, including impaired endothelial function. The insurers had accepted the defense of the class action and were continuing to pay defense costs for the lawsuit. The insurers sued for declaratory relief and also sought reimbursement of their defense costs.
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In response to a certified question posed by the Ninth Circuit, the California Supreme Court, in Liberty Surplus Insurance Corporation, et al. v. Ledesma & Meyer Construction Company, Inc., (Supreme Court Case No. S236765) today held that “when a third party sues an employer for the negligent hiring, retention and supervision of an employee, who intentionally injured that third party,” “the suit [can] allege an ‘occurrence’ under the employer’s commercial general liability policy.” After reiterating the “settled meaning” of the term “accident” in a liability insurance policy in California, the Court concluded that an injury allegedly resulting from negligent hiring, retention and/or supervision, may be “accidental” because the focus is on the conduct of the insured – the employer – not on the conduct of the employee.
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On May 21, 2018, in an unpublished memorandum opinion, Office Depot, Inc. v. AIG Specialty Ins., Co., FKA American International Specialty Lines Ins. Co., — Fed.Appx. —-, 2018 WL 2296036, the Ninth Circuit reversed a trial court’s grant of summary judgment to an insurer on both the duty to defend and the duty to indemnify a suit brought under California False Claims Act (“CFCA”), Cal. Gov’t. Code § 12650 (“CFCA”). The Court held that California Insurance Code Section 533 did not preclude insurance coverage of CFCA claims as a matter of law.
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The California Supreme Court’s decision in Aas v. Superior Court 24 Cal.4th 627 (2000) held that the economic loss rule barred homeowner construction defect claims that were limited to solely economic losses. In response, in 2002 the California legislature passed SB800, commonly known as the Right to Repair Act (the “Act”), which comprehensively reformed California construction defect litigation. The Act requires homeowners to participate in a comprehensive pre-litigation dispute resolution process which affords builders an opportunity to cure alleged defects prior to a lawsuit being filed.
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A recent California appellate court decision rejected the argument often raised by insurers in construction defect cases that policies providing ongoing operations coverage do not extend to third party claims filed after operations have been completed.
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On September 1, 2017, Musick Peeler published an insurance article discussing the long-awaited Court of Appeal decision in Montrose Chemical Corp. v. Superior Court (Canadian Universal Insurance Company), previously published at 14 Cal.App.5th 1306 (August 31, 2017).
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Two recent California appellate court opinions have interpreted “faulty workmanship” exclusions as they apply to construction defect lawsuits. These exclusions are standard ISO exclusions in commercial general liability policies that exclude coverage for property damage to: (1) “that particular part of real property on which you or any contractors or subcontractors working directly or indirectly on your behalf are performing operations, if the ‘property damage’ arises out of those operations” (exclusion j(5)); (2) “that particular part of any property that must be restored, repaired or replaced because ‘your work’ was incorrectly performed
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On August 31, 2017, the California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, issued its long awaited decision in Montrose Chemical Corp. of California v. Superior Court (Canadian Universal), Case No. B272387. The issue before the Court concerned the sequence in which an insured may access its excess liability policies to respond to long tail environmental liabilities.
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Our Insurance Notes reviewed the two rulings by California appellate courts about insurers’ right to rescind insurance policies. Rescission was also the subject of a recent case decided in June.
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In Yahoo! Inc. v. National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, PA (June 2, 2017) 2017 WL 2405025, the District Court for the Northern District of California addressed the scope of coverage for lawsuits alleging violation of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, 47 U.S.C. § 227 (“TCPA”), under personal and advertising injury coverage for “oral or written publication, in any manner, of material that violates a person’s right of privacy” contained in a Commercial General Liability policy.
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In Evanston Ins. Co. v. Atain Spec. Ins. Co. (May 26, 2017) 2017 WL 2311401, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California revisited the reach of California’s “concurrent proximate cause” doctrine, and reiterated it requires multiple causes of harm to be “completely independent” in order to trigger coverage.
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Insurers rely on the information their insureds provide to evaluate risk and determine whether to issue insurance and at what price. This basic premise is reflected in California Insurance Code section 332 which states: “Each party to a contract of insurance shall communicate to the other, in good faith, all facts within his knowledge which are or which he believes to be material to the contract and as to which he makes no warranty, and which the other has not the means of ascertaining.”
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We previously reported that the California Supreme Court would be addressing the split in California authority on the issue of whether an excess insurer may sue a primary insurer for failure to settle a case within primary limits in the absence of an excess judgment against the insured.
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In Teleflex Medical Inc. v. Nat’l. Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, PA (March 21, 2017) 2017 WL 1055586, the Ninth Circuit affirmed a jury verdict in a bad faith case against an excess insurer for rejecting a settlement approved by insured and primary insurer, and refusing to take over the insured’s defense.
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General liability policies contain what are called “business risk” exclusions which generally exclude coverage for damage to: (1) “that particular part of real property on which you or any contractors or subcontractors working directly or indirectly on your behalf are performing operations”; and (2) “that particular part of any property that must be restored, repaired or replaced because Your Work was incorrectly performed on it.” These exclusions have been interpreted by California courts to be an expression of a general principle of insurance law; that insurers are not warrantors of their insureds’ products. (See, Armstrong World Indus., Inc. v. Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co.(1996) 45 Cal.App.4th 1, 110-111.) Specifically, courts have repeatedly held that “the risk of replacing and repairing defective materials or poor workmanship has generally been considered a commercial risk which is not passed on to the liability insurer.” (Maryland Cas. Co. v. Reeder (1990) 221 Cal.App.3d 961, 972.)
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In St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Company v. Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania (N. D. Cal. March 7, 2017), 2017 WL 897437, the district court recently compared “other insurance” clauses in insurers’ excess policies and enforced a clear “excess” clause over a clause in another policy that conflicted with other language in that policy.
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Contribution actions between insurers sometimes blur the distinct and different requirements for proving the duty to defend versus the duty to indemnify. In the recent case of Advent, Inc. v. National Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, PA, 6 Cal.App.5th 443 (2016), the Sixth District of the California Court of Appeal issued a reminder that it is significantly more difficult to obtain contribution for indemnity than it is for defense.
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On January 13, 2017, the Ninth Circuit certified the following two questions to the California Supreme Court:
1. Is California’s common law notice-prejudice rule a fundamental public policy for the purposes of choice-of-law analysis?
and
2. If the notice-prejudice rule is a fundamental public policy for the purpose of choice-of-law analysis, can a consent provision in a first-party claim insurance policy be interpreted as a notice provision such that the notice-prejudice rule applies?
(Pitzer College v. Indian Harbor Insurance Company (Jan. 13, 2017) 2017 WL128563 * 1.)
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Commercial general liability policies commonly cover liability for damages “because of” bodily injury or property damage that happens during the policy period. A key is that the coverage does not extend to liability “for,” “due to” or “resulting from” property damage. Rather, the coverage is for liability because of property damage or bodily injury that takes place while the policy is in effect.
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Ever since the California Supreme Court rejected a “manifestation of damage” trigger for insurance coverage and replaced it with a “continuous trigger of damage” in Montrose Chem. Corp. of California v. Admiral Ins. Co., 10 Cal.4th 645, 655 (1995), insurers have attempted to endorse and amend their policies to avoid the holding in Montrose.
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This decision underscores the uncertainty in federal law relating to mediation confidentiality.
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As we have previously reported, there is a split of authority in the California Court of Appeal as to whether an excess insurer has standing to sue a primary insurer for failure to settle a case within its limits when the excess insurer contributes to a settlement on behalf of the insured.
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In Attorneys Liability Protection Society, Inc. v. Ingaldson Fitzgerald, P.C. (Sept. 23, 2016) 2016 WL 5335036, Attorneys Liability Protection Society (ALPS), a risk retention group chartered in Montana, provided malpractice insurance coverage to an Alaskan law firm, Ingaldson Fitzgerald, P.C. A former client sued Ingaldson relating to the withdrawing of fees and costs against a retainer, alleging claims for restitution, reimbursement, disgorgement and conversion.
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In Barickman v. Mercury Casualty Company (July 25, 2016) 2 Cal.App.5th 508, an auto insurer which offered its full policy limits of $15,000 per person/$30,000 per accident to the two pedestrians injured when the intoxicated insured ran a red light and struck the claimants in a cross-walk was nonetheless held liable for a $3 million stipulated judgment against the insured. The issue in the case was whether the insurer’s rejection of a modification to the settlement agreement requested by the claimants’ counsel was reasonable.
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“SLAPP” is an acronym for “strategic lawsuit against public participation.” (Equilon Enterprises v. Consumer Cause, Inc. (2002) 29 Cal.4th 53, 57.) SLAPP suits are lawsuits that seek damages for making public statements and thus arguably designed to intimidate or silence parties. Like many states, California has an “anti-SLAPP statute” (Code of Civil Procedure §425.16) that allows a defendant to seek an early dismissal of a SLAPP suit. California’s anti-SLAPP statute states that “a cause of action against a person arising from any act of that person in furtherance of that person’s right of petition or free speech…shall be subject to a special motion to strike, unless the Court determines…there is a probability that the plaintiff would prevail on the claim.”
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A few months ago, we highlighted a split of authority in California on whether an excess insurer can settle a case the primary insurer failed to settle within primary limits and pursue an equitable subrogation action against the primary insurer for the amount paid in excess of the primary limits. (November 18, 2015, When May An Excess Liability Insurer Sue A Primary Insurer For Failing To Settle A Claim.
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In Nickerson v. Stonebridge Life Ins. Co., 203 Cal.Rptr. 3d 23, 16 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 6028 (June 9, 2016), the California Supreme Court reversed an appellate court decision and held that a post-verdict award of compensatory damages should be included in calculating the proper size of a punitive damages award, even though the jury had not been advised of those damages at the time it reached its verdict. The decision required the Court to navigate the case law imposing constitutional limits on the size of punitive damages awards and California case law allowing the recovery of attorneys’ fees as compensatory damages in insurance bad faith cases, as originally set forth in Brandt v. Superior Court, 37 Cal.3d 813 (1985).
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In California, as an initial pleading, a party may file a demurrer challenging the legal sufficiency of a complaint, cross-complaint or answer. In the past, scheduled hearings on demurrers were routinely vacated at the last minute when an amended pleading was filed prior to the hearing date. Even if the plaintiffs did not voluntarily amend before the hearing, trial courts repeatedly allowed leave to amend when sustaining demurrers. In combination with institutional delays created by reduced funding of the California trial courts, these practices had a tendency to create lengthy delays in resolving the pleadings and putting the case “at issue.”
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Star Insurance Co. v. Sunwest Metals, Inc., 2015 WL 3741305 (C.D. Cal. June 15, 2015) is currently on appeal before the Ninth Circuit. The Court will decide whether an insurer waived the right to rescind a policy for material misrepresentation in an application by failing to investigate further during underwriting.
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Uninsured motorist (“UM”) and underinsured motorist (“UIM”) coverages “are strictly ‘first party’ coverages because the insurer’s duty is to compensate its own insured for his or her losses, rather than to indemnify against liability claims from others,” according to the Court of Appeal in Haering v. Topa Insurance Company, 244 Cal.App.4th 725 (2016)(italics in original).
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Conventional wisdom among litigants is that arbitration is superior to court litigation because it is quicker, less expensive, confidential, and generally more flexible.
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The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld a District Court’s entry of summary judgment in an advertising injury case based on an intellectual property exclusion. The Ninth Circuit affirmed the ruling that an intellectual property exclusion precluded a defense obligation in a trademark infringement action even where the factual allegations were sufficient to support a potentially covered claim for implied disparagement. Keating Dental Arts Inc. v. Hartford Cas. Ins. Co. (9th Cir., Dec. 24, 2015) 2015 WL 9460142.
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Effective January 1, 2016, when a notice of deposition is served in a lawsuit pending in California state court, the noticing party must disclose (1) the existence of any agreement between the noticing party or third party financing the litigation with a specific court reporter or court reporting service for any service beyond the noticed deposition, or (2) the existence of any requirement imposed by the party or third party financing the litigation that the attorney use a particular court reporter or court reporting service.
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Summaries of the principles of the duty to defend lawsuits often note that the merits of the underlying action are irrelevant.[1] The duty extends even to seemingly frivolous claims if they could potentially result in covered liability. Example: a cause of action barred on its face by the statute of limitations would still trigger a defense if it otherwise might be covered. In that case, the insured still would be required to appear and raise the affirmative defense to secure a dismissal. Accordingly, an insurer could not deny a defense on the ground that its investigation shows the plaintiff could not prove up the claim asserted.
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The following insurance issues are likely to be decided in 2016 by the California Supreme Court and the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Brandt Fees: In Nickerson v. Stonebridge Life Ins. Co., Case No. S213873, the California Supreme Court is considering the following issue: Is an award of attorney fees under Brandt v. Superior Court (1985) 37 Cal.3d 813 properly included as compensatory damages for purposes of calculating the ratio between punitive and compensatory damages where the fees are awarded by the jury, but excluded from compensatory damages when they are awarded by the trial court after the jury has rendered its verdict?
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